Prompt: Heat is generated as a byproduct of the cogeneration plant's operation and is used to provide hot water. The recovered hot water is used in the building's perimeter heating system during the winter, while it is fed into the building's chillers during the summer.[44][61] The New York Times Building contains a single-stage absorption chiller that is capable of 250 metric tons (280 short tons; 250 long tons).[23][44] The building also has five electric centrifugal chillers of 1,150 metric tons (1,270 short tons; 1,130 long tons) each, which serve the building's central chilled-water plant.[73] The air from the chillers is delivered from chillers at 68 °F (20 °C).[23][66][74] It travels to an underfloor air distribution system under each of the Times's stories[61][75][76] and to the ceilings of the top 21 stories.[77] The steam for heating the building itself is purchased from Con Ed rather than being generated on-site, since the architects determined on-site heat generation to be more expensive. The cellar and the podium's roof contain air handling units with steam coils that take low-pressure steam.[75]
Prompt: Liberty Place is a skyscraper complex in Philadelphia. The complex is composed of a 61-story, 945-foot (288 m) skyscraper called One Liberty Place, a 58-story, 848-foot (258 m) skyscraper called Two Liberty Place, a two-story shopping mall called the Shops at Liberty Place, and the 14-story Westin Philadelphia Hotel. Prior to the construction of Liberty Place, there was a gentlemen's agreement not to build any structure in Center City higher than the statue of William Penn on top of Philadelphia City Hall. The tradition lasted until 1984 when developer Willard G. Rouse III of Rouse & Associates announced plans to build an office building complex that included two towers taller than City Hall. There was a great amount of opposition to the construction of the towers with critics believing breaking the height limit would lead to construction of many more tall skyscrapers, ruining the livability and charm of Center City. Despite the opposition, construction of One Liberty Place was approved and the first phase of the project began in 1985 and was completed in 1987. One Liberty Place became the city's first skyscraper. The iconic design and spire make the complex a recognizable part of
Prompt: Two Liberty Place is based on the same influences as its counterpart tower and uses a similar shape and matching facade. Located at the corner of 16th and Chestnut Streets, Two Liberty Place is 847-foot-tall (258 m) making it the fourth-tallest building in the city. The 58-story skyscraper is shorter than its counterpart, but also contains about 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m2) of space. Two Liberty Place's spire contains fewer gabled setbacks giving the tower a more squat appearance, but allowing about the same amount of interior space as One Liberty Place.[28][37] The design of the spire was a result of the building's intended tenant Cigna which wanted the large floor space.[3]
Prompt: The Williams Tower (originally named the Transco Tower) is a 64-story, 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) class A art deco office tower located in the Uptown District of Houston, Texas. The building was designed by New York-based John Burgee Architects with Philip Johnson in association with Houston-based Morris-Aubry Architects (now known as Morris Architects). Construction began in August 1981, and the building was opened in 1983.[2] The tower is among Houston's most visible buildings as the 4th-tallest in Texas, and the 44th-tallest in the United States. The Williams Tower is the tallest building in Houston outside of Downtown Houston,[3] and is the tallest skyscraper in the United States outside of a city's central business district. It has been referred to as the "Empire State Building of the south".[2]
Prompt: There is 17,000 sq ft (1,600 m2) of amenity spaces on the ninth and tenth floors, including a 75 ft (23 m) pool, a 25-seat screening room, a private dining room, and a children's playroom. The building has a total of ten elevators; owners will share a hallway with at most one other apartment. The developers also figured a generator on the ninth floor into the plans. There are eight full-floor apartments at the top, ranging from 5,200 to 6,400 sq ft (480 to 590 m2), with 14-to-19 ft-high (4.3-to-5.8 m) ceilings.[13] In addition, the building features a double-height lobby sheathed in "gleaming" black granite.
Prompt: One Atlantic Center, also known as IBM Tower, is a skyscraper located in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. It is the third tallest building in Atlanta.
Prompt: As proposed, the main shaft of the tower was to be clad in stone, while the wings were to be made of glass.[15] The facade is made of Sardinian "luna pearl" that is cut into 13⁄16-inch (21 mm) slabs, measuring about 15 pounds per square foot (73 kg/m2). Each slab is attached to the aluminum curtain wall frame on all sides, supported only by the curtain wall. The stone panels are entirely prefabricated and are insulated with fiberglass panels measuring 2+5⁄8 inches (67 mm) thick, along with neoprene gaskets and silicone caulk.[12] The setbacks at the 46th and 62nd floors were designed with parapets of steel and concrete, which were reduced in size as part of a 1988 lawsuit settlement concerning the building's height.[18] Eichner disliked the parapets; he suggested that residents on the 46th floor "can look out at it and know they're looking at a wall instead of Central Park so that Helmut Jahn can rest easy knowing that his 'artistic integrity' is intact."
Prompt: Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. However, post-tensioning is also employed as a technique to reinforce the concrete. In terms of volume used annually, it is one of the most common engineering materials.[1][2] In corrosion engineering terms, when designed correctly, the alkalinity of the concrete protects the steel rebar from corrosion.[3]
Prompt: Modern skyscrapers' walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterised by large surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames and curtain walls. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a small surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a tubular structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic, and other lateral loads. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, which in some cases is also structurally required.
Prompt: The slender mixed-use tower, developed initially by SKS Investments, rises 700 ft (210 m) to the roof with 55 floors of offices and residential condominiums. A parapet/mechanical screen reaches to 745 ft (227 m), and a spire brings the total height to 802.5 ft (244.6 m). The tower will contain 432,000 sq ft (40,100 m2) of office space on the lower 35 floors (from 3 to 38), and 67 condominiums on the upper 16 floors (from 41 to 57). The 39th floor will contain residential amenities and a two-story open air terrace. Mechanical spaces would be on floors 2 and 40. The building will have a direct connection to the rooftop park atop the adjacent Salesforce Transit Center from the 7th floor. Upon completion, the tower was the tallest mixed-use building in San Francisco, surpassing the nearby Millennium Tower, and the 2nd-tallest in the Western United States.[12] It was also the third tallest building in the city after the Transamerica Pyramid and the Salesforce Tower. 181 Fremont joins several other buildings designed to catalyze the San Francisco Transbay development area.
Prompt: Octocorallia (also known as Alcyonaria) is a class of Anthozoa comprising around 3,000 species of water-based organisms formed of colonial polyps with 8-fold symmetry. It includes the blue coral, soft corals, sea pens, and gorgonians (sea fans and sea whips) within three orders: Alcyonacea, Helioporacea, and Pennatulacea.[1] These organisms have an internal skeleton secreted by mesoglea and polyps with eight tentacles and eight mesentaries. As with all Cnidarians these organisms have a complex life cycle including a motile phase when they are considered plankton and later characteristic sessile phase.
Prompt: 731 Lexington Avenue is a 1,345,489 sq ft (125,000.0 m2) mixed-use glass skyscraper on Lexington Avenue, on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Prompt: The MetLife Building contains an elongated octagonal massing with the longer axis perpendicular to Park Avenue. The building sits atop two levels of railroad tracks leading into Grand Central Terminal. The facade is one of the first precast concrete exterior walls in a building in New York City. In the lobby is a pedestrian passage to Grand Central's Main Concourse, a lobby with artwork, and a parking garage at the building's base. The roof also contained a heliport that briefly operated during the 1960s and 1970s. The MetLife Building's design has been widely criticized since it was proposed, largely due to its location next to Grand Central Terminal.
Prompt: The 10th through 59th stories of the MetLife Building contain one of the first precast concrete exterior walls in a building in New York City.[1][35] The building includes about nine thousand light-tan precast concrete Mo-Sai panels, each of which surrounds a window measuring 4 feet (1.2 m) wide by 8 feet (2.4 m) high.[22][37] The panels themselves measure 6 feet (1.8 m) wide by 13.67 feet (4 m) high and weigh 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg).[22] Each panel is coated with a quartz aggregate to give texture to the facade.[22][36][37] Vertical concrete mullions project about 13 inches (330 mm) from the facade, separating the panels on every story.[37] Flat concrete spandrels separate the windows between stories.[22] Though Walter Gropius had considered a precast concrete facade to be more solid than a glass curtain wall, this only made the building appear bulkier.[14] Furthermore, the appearance of concrete degraded over time; this effect could be seen in structures such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum but was more pronounced on 200 Park Avenue's facade.[29] During the building's construction, the manufacturer of the Mo-Sai panels declared bankruptcy, forcing Diesel Construction to buy o
Prompt: 200 Park Avenue originally bore 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) "Pan Am" displays on its north and south facades and 25-foot-tall (7.6 m) globe logos on the east and west facades.[40] This was swapped with neon "MetLife" displays to the north and south in 1992.[41][42] These displays were changed again in 2017, being replaced with LED letters to conserve energy.[43][44] The Pan Am Building was the last tall tower erected in New York City before laws were enacted preventing corporate logos and names on the tops of buildings.[45] Modern New York City building code prohibits logos from being more than 25 feet (7.6 m) above the curb or occupying over 200 square feet (19 m2) on a blockfront.[46] The sign replacements had been permitted because the city government considered the new signs to be an "uninterrupted continuation of a use" that was allowed before the zoning laws were changed.[45]
Prompt: 28 Liberty Street, formerly known as One Chase Manhattan Plaza, is a 60-story International style skyscraper in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, between Nassau, Liberty, William, and Pine Streets. The building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Opened in 1961, it is 813 feet (248 m) tall.
Prompt: The building's 40 columns, sheathed with aluminum, are about 3 by 5 feet (0.91 by 1.52 m) thick[d] and are about 29 feet (8.8 m) apart, arranged in a 4×10 grid. The columns extend from the building on its long sides, while the floors cantilever from the columns on the building's short dimensions. The columns carry much of the weight of each floor.[23][27][30] The New York Times described this as a relatively novel design that had never been used on such a large scale,[30] though the design did have a precedent in Philadelphia's PSFS Building.[12] The presence of the columns at ground level creates a colonnade around the lobby, which is recessed behind the upper floors.[22] The columns rise from steel assemblies measuring 12 feet (3.7 m) square and 7 feet (2.1 m) thick, which are placed some 100 feet (30 m) below ground level.[31] In addition, stainless-steel flashing was placed on the facade's columns at four-story intervals, as well as beneath the spandrel panels on each floor. This reduced the amount of noise created by the wind passing through the columns.[32] In total, over 53,000 short tons (47,000 long tons; 48,000 t) of steel were used,[16] more than in any other New York C
Prompt: The building has about 1.8 million square feet (170,000 m2) of above-ground floor area.[4][22][27] Each story measures 280 by 106 feet (85 by 32 m), with about 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) of area.[22][27][e] This made 28 Liberty Street the largest new building in New York City by floor area since the mid-1930s.[22] The innermost two rows of columns[28] were hidden inside the building's core, which contained its elevators and service rooms.[4][34][35] At the time, it was not possible to completely eliminate the interior columns.[14] Nonetheless, this provided great flexibility for the interior floor plans, which many prospective tenants desired.[34][35] The floor plan was slightly asymmetrical: the southern side was ten feet wider than the northern side, with columns spaced 40 feet (12 m) apart from north to south.[22][34][35][36] This was because Chase officials considered the southern side of the building more desirable to work in.[37]
Prompt: The floors beneath the plaza are much larger, covering the entire lot with a combined area of 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2). There are five basement levels below the concourse.[27][42][43] The first basement level was used mainly as a lower lobby and a banking floor.[43] There was also dining and kitchen space on the first and second basements; printing, tabulating, and mechanical spaces on the third basement; check handling on the fourth basement; and vaults on the fifth basement.[27][42] A truck ramp descends to the second basement;[27][42] the truck entrance, as well as ventilation grates for air intake and outflow, are on the Liberty Street side, below the raised plaza.[4][5] There is also a pedestrian entrance on the William Street side, below the plaza, which leads to the eastern part of the concourse.[5][43] According to Architectural Forum, the fifth basement had a "bank vault nearly the size of a football field", which sorted $35 billion worth of securities (equivalent to $246.6 billion in 2021)[44] and covered about half the site.[43]
Prompt: 110 North Wacker, also known as the Bank of America Tower,[1] is a 57-floor skyscraper in Chicago located at 110 North Wacker Drive.[2] It was developed by the Howard Hughes Corporation and Riverside Investment & Development.[3] It was designed by Goettsch Partners[1] with construction by Clark Construction.[4] Structural engineering was by Thornton Tomasetti.[5] A topping-out ceremony was held in September 2019 and the building officially opened in on October 14, 2020.[1]
Prompt: The tower has no official observation deck, but views of the city can be seen from floors 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 40, 41, 43, and 44 in the common areas on the Ohio Street side (Tower side) of the complex. Additionally, views of Monument Circle and the immediate downtown area can be seen from floors 2 and 7 in the common areas on the Circle side of the complex. In 2017, electronic turnstiles were implemented in the tower as a security measure. In turn, the elevators are no longer accessible by the public. However Visitors Passes can be attained from the Security Desk in both the Circle and Tower-side lobbies. The tower can be seen from various spots around greater Indianapolis.[2]
Prompt: On March 17, 2016, before the final phase of external construction, the Diagrid lantern-shaped roof structure was completed. The roof structure was constructed with steel counterparts that are each 12 metres (39 ft) and weigh 20 tons. The counterparts were made up of bent metal panels that are 6 cm (2.4 in) thick. The roof structure itself is 120 metres (390 ft) high and covers floors 107–123. Approximately 3,000 tons of steel parts, a high-precision 64t tower crane and GPS alignment systems, as well as highly skilled welding technicians, were used in the construction of the roof. The roof structure is engineered to withstand its weight without reinforcing pillars, endure earthquakes up to a magnitude of 9 under the Richter magnitude scale, and winds up to 80 m/s (260 ft/s). It is also the fifth largest building in the world [7]
Prompt: The shape of the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre is defined by its mixed-usage: the different uses require different floor sizes and the building is shaped to accommodate those demands. Namely, the skyscraper has setbacks at points where the usage changes: the setbacks are located between the offices and the apartments, between the apartments and the hotel, and between the hotel and the crown of the building. The setbacks are angled and contain parapets with sky terraces. The top of the building is angled as well, but doesn't contain a sky terrace.[7] The angled parapets point at the tops of various nearby tall buildings.[18] Because of the setbacks, the building looks different from every angle.[16]
Prompt: Globalworth Tower,[1] known previously as Bucharest One, is a class A office building that is located in the northern part of Bucharest, Romania, in the vicinity of Calea Floreasca, Barbu Văcărescu Boulevard and Pipera. The building has a total of 26 floors and a gross leasable area of 54,700 m2 (589,000 sq ft). The 118 m (387 ft) high building[2] is the second tallest in Bucharest and Romania just under the 137 m (449 ft) Floreasca City Center's Sky Tower.[3] The construction of the building started in 2014 and was completed in 2015 at a total cost of €60 million.[4]
Prompt: Glass blocks can provide light and serve as a decorative addition to an architectural structure, but hollow glass blocks are non load-bearing unless stated otherwise. Hollow glass wall blocks are manufactured as two separate halves and, while the glass is still molten, the two pieces are pressed together and annealed. The resulting glass blocks will have a partial vacuum at the hollow center. Due to the hollow center, wall glass blocks do not have the load-bearing capacity of masonry bricks and therefore are utilized in curtain walls.[4] Glass block walls are constrained based on the framing in which they are set. If a masonry or steel frame exists, the maximum area of the wall can be 144 square feet (13.4 m2), whereas the maximum area without a frame is 100 square feet (9.3 m2).
Prompt: The Maison de Verre (French for House of Glass) was built from 1928 to 1932 in Paris, France. Constructed in the early modern style of architecture, the house's design emphasized three primary traits: honesty of materials, variable transparency of forms, and juxtaposition of "industrial" materials and fixtures with a more traditional style of home décor.[a] The primary materials used were steel, glass, and glass block. Some of the notable "industrial" elements included rubberized floor tiles, bare steel beams, perforated metal sheet, heavy industrial light fixtures, and mechanical fixtures.[2]
Prompt: The design was a collaboration among Pierre Chareau (a furniture and interiors designer), Bernard Bijvoet (a Dutch architect working in Paris since 1927) and Louis Dalbet (craftsman metalworker). Much of the intricate moving scenery of the house was designed on site as the project developed. The historian Henry-Russel Hitchcock as well as the designer Eileen Gray have declared that the architect was in fact 'that clever Dutch engineer (Bijvoet)'(Gray). The external form is defined by translucent glass block walls, with select areas of clear glazing for transparency. Internally, spatial division is variable by the use of sliding, folding or rotating screens in glass, sheet or perforated metal, or in combination. Other mechanical components included an overhead trolley from the kitchen to dining room, a retracting stair from the private sitting room to Mme Dalsace's bedroom and complex bathroom cupboards and fittings.
Prompt: The Michigan State Capitol is 267 ft (81 m) from the ground to the tip of finial/spire above the dome. The building is 420 ft 2 in (128.07 m) long and 273 ft 11 in (83.49 m) wide (including approaches). The capitol occupies 1.16 acres (4,700 m2), has a perimeter of 1,520 ft (460 m).[7] The structure contains four stories, with public entrances on the ground floor. Two grand staircases in the north and south corridors go up to the top floor.[4] The rotunda measures 44.5 feet (13.6 m) in diameter and 160 feet (49 m) in height measured from the floor to the oculus. When it opened, the Capitol structure was large enough to host all the state agencies and departments. Due to the growth of state government, however, only the offices of Senate and House leadership and ceremonial offices for the governor and lieutenant governor remain in the capitol. The ground floor corridors led to "store rooms" designed by the architect in the original building plans. This includes an armory in the southwest corner of the south corridor. The original wood floor has been replaced by gray tiles. The rooms were originally lit with gas fixtures, though by 1900, the building had been refitted with electr
Prompt: Bullwinkle was a 1,736 feet (529 m)[1] tall, pile-supported fixed steel oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Installed in 1988, the total weight of the platform was 77,000 tons, of which the steel jacket comprises 49,375 tones.[2] At the time of its construction it was the third tallest freestanding structure ever built – shorter than only the CN Tower and the Ostankino Tower – and the tallest in the United States, being 6 ft (1.8 m) taller than the pinnacle of the Sears Tower. Of the total height, 1,352 feet (412 m) are below the waterline. It was located in Green Canyon Block 65, approximately 160 miles (260 km) southwest of New Orleans. Bullwinkle belongs to Fieldwood Energy LLC. The total field development construction cost was US$500,000,000 according to some sources.[3][4]
Prompt: One Vanderbilt's facade and design is intended to harmonize with Grand Central Terminal immediately to the east. The building's base contains a wedge-shaped void, and the tower tapers as it rises, with several "pavilions" and a pinnacle at the top. The facade is made mostly of glass panels, while the spandrels between stories are made of terracotta. The superstructure is made of steel and concrete, and the interior spaces are designed to be as high as 105 feet (32 m). The lobby has a bank branch and an entrance to the nearby railroad terminal and the associated subway station, while the second floor contains the Le Pavillon restaurant. Most of the building is devoted to office space. The top stories contain the Summit One Vanderbilt observation deck.
Prompt: One Vanderbilt is a 93-story supertall skyscraper at the corner of 42nd Street and Vanderbilt Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox for developer SL Green Realty, the skyscraper opened in 2020. Its roof is 1,301 feet (397 m) high and its spire is 1,401 feet (427 m) above ground, making it the city's fourth-tallest building after One World Trade Center, Central Park Tower, and 111 West 57th Street.
Prompt: It required 22,000 tons of steel; its heaviest component is 40.2 tons. The structure is treated with hot-dip galvanized fluorocarbon paint technology, and the steel component is connected with high-strength bolts. The amount of high-strength bolts is nearly 850,000, and the installation accuracy is 99.98%. It uses high-strength bolt connections, replacing high-altitude welding technology. The outer surface is a hyperbolic parabola. From the air, it looks like a plum blossom with five petals. The plum blossom is the provincial flower of Henan province. Five petals are homophonic with "five blessings" in Chinese. Looking up from the ground, the tower is like a static firework that spins upward and flies gracefully. The shape of the tower base is like a tripod, which was a symbol of power and prestige in ancient China. The shape of the tower is like the ancient Chinese musical instrument Chime Bells, which symbolizes the tower's communication function.
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Neo Kotsiubiiv (Нео Коцюбіїв)
(neokotsiubiiv)
Member since 2023
Ukrainian dreamer show numerous variations of the Kotsiubiiv National Opera and Ballet Theatre. If you want to use some work in your works, you can do it. I would be glad to see the use or implementation of my robots somewhere. I wish you success in your work. P.S.: Українець - це шлях (Андрій Павленко). Борітеся — поборете (Тарас Шевченко)!
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takes more iterations than the one before.
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