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**Sri Lanka Spurfowl species (e.g., Ceylon spurfowl) - island endemics (threatened)
Status: Several endemics vulnerable or threatened depending on species.
Range /Countries: Sri Lanka (montane and lowland forests).
Habitat: Forest understory, leaf-litter, montane patches.
Diet: Omnivore - seeds, insects.
Lifespan: Small passerines/ground birds ~3-10 years.
Reproduction: Clutches on ground; nesting vulnerability.
Ecological role: Seed dispersers and insect control - essential for forest floor functioning.
Main threats: Habitat fragmentation, introduced predators (rats, mongooses), nest predation.
Conservation notes: Protect forest understory, predator control and community stewardship of sacred groves are effective.
These ground-dwelling birds are often overlooked but are key seed dispersers and indicators of understorey health. Protecting them means maintaining understory complexity and preventing invasive predators.
2025 October 04