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**African Lion
Scientific name: Panthera leo
Typical lifespan: 8-15 years in wild (longer in captivity).
Gestation: ~100-110 days.
Diet: Carnivore - ungulates (zebra, wildebeest, buffalo), smaller mammals.
Role in nature: Apex social predator — controls herbivore numbers, influences prey behavior.
Range / countries: Sub-Saharan Africa (some pockets in India — Asiatic lion P. l. persica in Gir Forest).
Size / height: Shoulder height ~1.2 m; males larger with mane.
Weight: Males ~150-250 kg; females ~110–180 kg.
Bite force: Powerful - strong enough to subdue large ungulates; approximate bite force in hundreds of psi (varies).
Vision / hearing: Good night vision (tapetum lucidum), acute hearing for group coordination.
Abilities: Social hunting (cooperative), short-burst speed, territorial roaring.
Conservation: Vulnerable in many regions due to habitat fragmentation and conflict with humans.
Extra: Pride social structure centered on related females; male coalitions defend territory.
2025 August 31