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**Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) - Sumatra
Status: Critically Endangered/Endangered depending on subpopulation.
Range/Countries: Sumatra (Indonesia).
Habitat: Lowland and montane rainforests, peat swamp forests.
Diet: Herbivore - foliage, bark, fruits.
Lifespan: 50-60 years (est.).
Reproduction: Long inter-birth intervals; single calf dependency.
Ecological role: Keystone seed dispersers, forest engineers that create habitat heterogeneity.
Main threats: Deforestation for plantations (oil palm), human-elephant conflict, poaching.
Conservation notes: Corridors, protected habitat and conflict mitigation are essential.
[An island elephant subspecies adapted to dense forests; habitat fragmentation for agriculture places it under critical pressure. Its calm, reflective eyes connect people to the need for forested corridors.]
2025 October 01