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**White Rhinoceros (Southern)
Scientific name: Ceratotherium simum
Typical lifespan: 35–50 years.
Gestation: ~16–18 months (~480–545 days).
Diet: Herbivore — bulk grazer of grasses.
Role in nature: Megaherbivore shaping savanna grass structure and influencing fire regimes.
Range / countries: Southern Africa — South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (southern white rhino).
Size / height: Shoulder height up to ~1.8–2.0 m.
Weight: 1,700–2,500+ kg (very large).
Bite force: Massive jaw and lip strength for grazing; bite force strong in crushing plant material.
Vision / hearing: Relatively poor eyesight but very acute hearing and smell.
Abilities: Powerful bulk movement, territorial displays, substantial grazing impact.
Conservation: Near threatened / vulnerable; poaching for horn remains primary threat though conservation success in some reserves.
Extra: Social structures vary; mothers and calves often close.
2025 September 10