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Aḥmad Shah Durrani, also called Aḥmad Shah Abdali, (born 1722?, Herat Afghanistan —died October 16/17, 1772, Toba Maʿrūf, Afghanistan), founder of the state of Afghanistan and ruler of an empire that extended from the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) to the Indian Ocean and from Khorāsān into Kashmir, the Punjab, and Sindh. Head of the central government, with full control of all departments of state in domestic and foreign affairs, both civil and military, the shah was assisted by a prime minister and a council of nine life-term advisers that he selected from the chiefs of the leading Afghan tribes.