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**Orangutan (Bornean / Sumatran)
Scientific name: Pongo pygmaeus / Pongo abelii
Typical lifespan: 30-50 years in wild/captivity.
Gestation: ~8.5 months (~245-260 days).
Diet: Frugivorous/omnivorous — fruit, leaves, bark, insects occasionally.
Role in nature: Critical seed dispersers and forest gardeners; shape forest composition.
Range / countries: Borneo (Indonesia/Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia).
Size / height: Males up to ~1.2-1.5 m standing; long arms.
Weight: Males ~50-100+ kg; females smaller.
Bite force: Powerful jaws for chewing fibrous fruit; relative bite strength moderate for primates.
Vision / hearing: Good primate vision and depth perception; hearing similar to other great apes.
Abilities: Tool use, complex cognition, arboreal locomotion (brachiation + cautious climbing).
Conservation: Critically endangered (habitat loss, palm oil, illegal trade).
Extra: Highly intelligent, extended juvenile dependency, rich social learning.
2025 September 04