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**Humboldt penguin/Galápagos penguin (range-restricted tropical penguins) -some populations are CR or very small.
Main threats/note: Climate events (El Niño), fisheries, introduced predators - small island populations very sensitive.
Scientific name: e.g., Spheniscus mendiculus (Galápagos penguin)
Status: Endangered / Vulnerable depending on species and population.
Lifespan: ~10–20 years.
Reproduction: Nesting burrows / rock cavities; variable breeding tied to food.
Diet: Small fish, anchovies, sardines.
Range: Tropic/subtropical islands (Galápagos, Humboldt coasts).
Size / weight: ~40-60 cm; 2-5 kg.