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**Jaguar
Scientific name: Panthera onca
Typical lifespan: ~10–15 years wild (longer in captivity).
Gestation: ~93–105 days.
Diet: Opportunistic carnivore - capybaras, peccaries, caimans, fish, birds.
Role in nature: Apex predator of Neotropical forests - controls populations of medium-large prey, shapes aquatic/terrestrial interface dynamics.
Range / countries: Latin America - Mexico to northern Argentina; stronghold in Amazon Basin.
Size / height: Head-body length ~1-1.8 m; shoulder height ~0.7 m.
Weight: 45-120 kg depending on sex and region.
Bite force: Exceptionally strong relative to size - can bite through turtle shells and skulls; among strongest bite forces per body mass of big cats.
Vision / hearing: Excellent night vision; acute hearing for rustle detection.
Abilities: Powerful swimmer, ambush predator capable of killing prey via a direct skull bite.
Conservation: Near threatened; habitat fragmentation and conflict major threats.
Extra: Solitary and territorial; distinctive rosette patterning unique per individual.
2025 September 01