#architecture

Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The 10th through 59th stories of the MetLife Building contain one of the first precast concrete exterior walls in a building in New York City.[1][35] The building includes about nine thousand light-tan precast concrete Mo-Sai panels, each of which surrounds a window measuring 4 feet (1.2 m) wide by 8 feet (2.4 m) high.[22][37] The panels themselves measure 6 feet (1.8 m) wide by 13.67 feet (4 m) high and weigh 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg).[22] Each panel is coated with a quartz aggregate to give texture to the facade.[22][36][37] Vertical concrete mullions project about 13 inches (330 mm) from the facade, separating the panels on every story.[37] Flat concrete spandrels separate the windows between stories.[22] Though Walter Gropius had considered a precast concrete facade to be more solid than a glass curtain wall, this only made the building appear bulkier.[14] Furthermore, the appearance of concrete degraded over time; this effect could be seen in structures such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum but was more pronounced on 200 Park Avenue's facade.[29] During the building's construction, the manufacturer of the Mo-Sai panels declared bankruptcy, forcing Diesel Construction to buy o
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: 200 Park Avenue originally bore 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) "Pan Am" displays on its north and south facades and 25-foot-tall (7.6 m) globe logos on the east and west facades.[40] This was swapped with neon "MetLife" displays to the north and south in 1992.[41][42] These displays were changed again in 2017, being replaced with LED letters to conserve energy.[43][44] The Pan Am Building was the last tall tower erected in New York City before laws were enacted preventing corporate logos and names on the tops of buildings.[45] Modern New York City building code prohibits logos from being more than 25 feet (7.6 m) above the curb or occupying over 200 square feet (19 m2) on a blockfront.[46] The sign replacements had been permitted because the city government considered the new signs to be an "uninterrupted continuation of a use" that was allowed before the zoning laws were changed.[45]
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The building's 40 columns, sheathed with aluminum, are about 3 by 5 feet (0.91 by 1.52 m) thick[d] and are about 29 feet (8.8 m) apart, arranged in a 4×10 grid. The columns extend from the building on its long sides, while the floors cantilever from the columns on the building's short dimensions. The columns carry much of the weight of each floor.[23][27][30] The New York Times described this as a relatively novel design that had never been used on such a large scale,[30] though the design did have a precedent in Philadelphia's PSFS Building.[12] The presence of the columns at ground level creates a colonnade around the lobby, which is recessed behind the upper floors.[22] The columns rise from steel assemblies measuring 12 feet (3.7 m) square and 7 feet (2.1 m) thick, which are placed some 100 feet (30 m) below ground level.[31] In addition, stainless-steel flashing was placed on the facade's columns at four-story intervals, as well as beneath the spandrel panels on each floor. This reduced the amount of noise created by the wind passing through the columns.[32] In total, over 53,000 short tons (47,000 long tons; 48,000 t) of steel were used,[16] more than in any other New York C
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The MetLife Building contains an elongated octagonal massing with the longer axis perpendicular to Park Avenue. The building sits atop two levels of railroad tracks leading into Grand Central Terminal. The facade is one of the first precast concrete exterior walls in a building in New York City. In the lobby is a pedestrian passage to Grand Central's Main Concourse, a lobby with artwork, and a parking garage at the building's base. The roof also contained a heliport that briefly operated during the 1960s and 1970s. The MetLife Building's design has been widely criticized since it was proposed, largely due to its location next to Grand Central Terminal.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: 731 Lexington Avenue is a 1,345,489 sq ft (125,000.0 m2) mixed-use glass skyscraper on Lexington Avenue, on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Modern skyscrapers' walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterised by large surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames and curtain walls. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a small surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a tubular structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic, and other lateral loads. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, which in some cases is also structurally required.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. However, post-tensioning is also employed as a technique to reinforce the concrete. In terms of volume used annually, it is one of the most common engineering materials.[1][2] In corrosion engineering terms, when designed correctly, the alkalinity of the concrete protects the steel rebar from corrosion.[3]
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: As proposed, the main shaft of the tower was to be clad in stone, while the wings were to be made of glass.[15] The facade is made of Sardinian "luna pearl" that is cut into 13⁄16-inch (21 mm) slabs, measuring about 15 pounds per square foot (73 kg/m2). Each slab is attached to the aluminum curtain wall frame on all sides, supported only by the curtain wall. The stone panels are entirely prefabricated and are insulated with fiberglass panels measuring 2+5⁄8 inches (67 mm) thick, along with neoprene gaskets and silicone caulk.[12] The setbacks at the 46th and 62nd floors were designed with parapets of steel and concrete, which were reduced in size as part of a 1988 lawsuit settlement concerning the building's height.[18] Eichner disliked the parapets; he suggested that residents on the 46th floor "can look out at it and know they're looking at a wall instead of Central Park so that Helmut Jahn can rest easy knowing that his 'artistic integrity' is intact."
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Octocorallia (also known as Alcyonaria) is a class of Anthozoa comprising around 3,000 species of water-based organisms formed of colonial polyps with 8-fold symmetry. It includes the blue coral, soft corals, sea pens, and gorgonians (sea fans and sea whips) within three orders: Alcyonacea, Helioporacea, and Pennatulacea.[1] These organisms have an internal skeleton secreted by mesoglea and polyps with eight tentacles and eight mesentaries. As with all Cnidarians these organisms have a complex life cycle including a motile phase when they are considered plankton and later characteristic sessile phase.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The slender mixed-use tower, developed initially by SKS Investments, rises 700 ft (210 m) to the roof with 55 floors of offices and residential condominiums. A parapet/mechanical screen reaches to 745 ft (227 m), and a spire brings the total height to 802.5 ft (244.6 m). The tower will contain 432,000 sq ft (40,100 m2) of office space on the lower 35 floors (from 3 to 38), and 67 condominiums on the upper 16 floors (from 41 to 57). The 39th floor will contain residential amenities and a two-story open air terrace. Mechanical spaces would be on floors 2 and 40. The building will have a direct connection to the rooftop park atop the adjacent Salesforce Transit Center from the 7th floor. Upon completion, the tower was the tallest mixed-use building in San Francisco, surpassing the nearby Millennium Tower, and the 2nd-tallest in the Western United States.[12] It was also the third tallest building in the city after the Transamerica Pyramid and the Salesforce Tower. 181 Fremont joins several other buildings designed to catalyze the San Francisco Transbay development area.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: One Atlantic Center, also known as IBM Tower, is a skyscraper located in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. It is the third tallest building in Atlanta.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: There is 17,000 sq ft (1,600 m2) of amenity spaces on the ninth and tenth floors, including a 75 ft (23 m) pool, a 25-seat screening room, a private dining room, and a children's playroom. The building has a total of ten elevators; owners will share a hallway with at most one other apartment. The developers also figured a generator on the ninth floor into the plans. There are eight full-floor apartments at the top, ranging from 5,200 to 6,400 sq ft (480 to 590 m2), with 14-to-19 ft-high (4.3-to-5.8 m) ceilings.[13] In addition, the building features a double-height lobby sheathed in "gleaming" black granite.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The Williams Tower (originally named the Transco Tower) is a 64-story, 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) class A art deco office tower located in the Uptown District of Houston, Texas. The building was designed by New York-based John Burgee Architects with Philip Johnson in association with Houston-based Morris-Aubry Architects (now known as Morris Architects). Construction began in August 1981, and the building was opened in 1983.[2] The tower is among Houston's most visible buildings as the 4th-tallest in Texas, and the 44th-tallest in the United States. The Williams Tower is the tallest building in Houston outside of Downtown Houston,[3] and is the tallest skyscraper in the United States outside of a city's central business district. It has been referred to as the "Empire State Building of the south".[2]
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Two Liberty Place is based on the same influences as its counterpart tower and uses a similar shape and matching facade. Located at the corner of 16th and Chestnut Streets, Two Liberty Place is 847-foot-tall (258 m) making it the fourth-tallest building in the city. The 58-story skyscraper is shorter than its counterpart, but also contains about 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m2) of space. Two Liberty Place's spire contains fewer gabled setbacks giving the tower a more squat appearance, but allowing about the same amount of interior space as One Liberty Place.[28][37] The design of the spire was a result of the building's intended tenant Cigna which wanted the large floor space.[3]
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Liberty Place is a skyscraper complex in Philadelphia. The complex is composed of a 61-story, 945-foot (288 m) skyscraper called One Liberty Place, a 58-story, 848-foot (258 m) skyscraper called Two Liberty Place, a two-story shopping mall called the Shops at Liberty Place, and the 14-story Westin Philadelphia Hotel. Prior to the construction of Liberty Place, there was a gentlemen's agreement not to build any structure in Center City higher than the statue of William Penn on top of Philadelphia City Hall. The tradition lasted until 1984 when developer Willard G. Rouse III of Rouse & Associates announced plans to build an office building complex that included two towers taller than City Hall. There was a great amount of opposition to the construction of the towers with critics believing breaking the height limit would lead to construction of many more tall skyscrapers, ruining the livability and charm of Center City. Despite the opposition, construction of One Liberty Place was approved and the first phase of the project began in 1985 and was completed in 1987. One Liberty Place became the city's first skyscraper. The iconic design and spire make the complex a recognizable part of
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: The Times Building is 52 stories tall with one basement,[20] covering a gross floor area of 1,545,708 square feet (143,601.0 m2).[1] It has two major condominiums of office space:[6] a lower section operated by the New York Times Company and an upper section operated by Brookfield Properties, which took over Forest City Ratner's stake in 2019.[21] The Times space on the 2nd to 27th stories covers 800,000 square feet (74,000 m2), about 58 percent of the office space, while the 29th to 52nd stories spans 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2), covering the remaining 42 percent.[22][23] The lobby and the mechanical spaces on the 28th and 51st stories are shared by the building's major operators.[24][6] The top floor is 721 feet (220 m) high.[1] The Times Building rises 748 feet (228 m) from the street to its roof, while the exterior curtain wall rises to 840 feet (256 m) and its mast rises to 1,046 feet (318.8 m).[1][3] As of 2018, including its mast, the New York Times Building is the eleventh-tallest building in the city, tied with the Chrysler Building.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: There is a 90 ft (27 m) obelisk-like spire at the top of the building echoing the shape of the building as a whole. Most of the spire is covered in 23 karat (96 percent) gold leaf. The open-lattice steel pyramid underneath the obelisk glows yellow-orange at night due to lighting. At its most basic, this is a modern interpretation of the Art Deco theme seen in the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building. The inhabited part of the building actually ends abruptly with a flat roof. On top of this is built a pyramid of girders, which are gilded and blaze at night, with the same type of yellow-orange high-pressure sodium (HPS) lighting used in older-style street lights. Its design has been characterized as similar to the Messeturm in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

• Model: Artistic

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  • Prompt: There is a 90 ft (27 m) obelisk-like spire at the top of the building echoing the shape of the building as a whole. Most of the spire is covered in 23 karat (96 percent) gold leaf. The open-lattice steel pyramid underneath the obelisk glows yellow-orange at night due to lighting. At its most basic, this is a modern interpretation of the Art Deco theme seen in the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building. The inhabited part of the building actually ends abruptly with a flat roof. On top of this is built a pyramid of girders, which are gilded and blaze at night, with the same type of yellow-orange high-pressure sodium (HPS) lighting used in older-style street lights. Its design has been characterized as similar to the Messeturm in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: Heat is generated as a byproduct of the cogeneration plant's operation and is used to provide hot water. The recovered hot water is used in the building's perimeter heating system during the winter, while it is fed into the building's chillers during the summer.[44][61] The New York Times Building contains a single-stage absorption chiller that is capable of 250 metric tons (280 short tons; 250 long tons).[23][44] The building also has five electric centrifugal chillers of 1,150 metric tons (1,270 short tons; 1,130 long tons) each, which serve the building's central chilled-water plant.[73] The air from the chillers is delivered from chillers at 68 °F (20 °C).[23][66][74] It travels to an underfloor air distribution system under each of the Times's stories[61][75][76] and to the ceilings of the top 21 stories.[77] The steam for heating the building itself is purchased from Con Ed rather than being generated on-site, since the architects determined on-site heat generation to be more expensive. The cellar and the podium's roof contain air handling units with steam coils that take low-pressure steam.[75]
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Ukraine, Kotsiubiiv, Kotsiubiiv O & B Theatre

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  • Prompt: On the north and south elevations, the center bays are cantilevered about 20 feet (6.1 m) past the perimeter columns.[24] The floor girders of the cantilevered sections are arranged into three framing lines: two at the outer ends of the cantilevers and one at the center.[71] The central girder on each floor is supported by a Vierendeel truss. The outer girders are connected to the perimeter columns by diagonal beams and to each other by columns.[24][71] Because the Times's stories have raised floors, the girders on these stories protrude through the facade in an offset "dogleg".[34][24]
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