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**Emperor Penguin
Scientific name: Aptenodytes forsteri
Typical lifespan: 15-20+ years in wild.
Incubation: Male incubates single egg on feet under brood pouch ~64 days; females forage at sea.
Diet: Fish, krill, squid.
Role in nature: Key Antarctic seabird
species - important prey/predator dynamics and nutrient cycling in polar waters.
Range / countries: Antarctica (continent species).
Size / height: Tallest penguin - up to ~115 cm.
Weight: 20-45 kg depending on season (heavier when fattened for breeding).
Bite force: Not a biting carnivore; bill used for grasping slippery prey.
Vision / hearing: Excellent underwater vision; hearing used for mate/ chick recognition in colonies.
Abilities: Deep diving (to ~500 m in some cases), extreme cold tolerance, cooperative breeding behaviours.
Conservation: Near Threatened / variable - sea-ice changes from climate change are key concerns.
Extra: Iconic breeding aggregations, elaborate vocal pairing calls.
2025 September 09