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**African Elephant
Scientific name: Loxodonta africana
Typical lifespan: 50–70 years (long-lived; older in protected populations).
Gestation: ~22 months (one of the longest for mammals).
What they eat: Herbivore -grasses, leaves, bark, fruits. Consume 150–300 kg/day for adults.
Role in nature: Keystone ecosystem engineers -create water holes, disperse seeds, open woodland into savanna.
Range/countries: Sub-Saharan Africa (many countries: Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, etc.).
Size / height: Shoulder height 3–4 m (adult bulls).
Weight: 3,000–6,000 kg (adult males heavier).
Bite force: N/A for bite - elephants use tusks and trunk; molar crushing power strong but not expressed as a bite.
Vision / hearing: Good low-light vision; excellent hearing (infrasound communication across kilometres).
Abilities: Trunk dexterity, long memory, complex social cognition, long-distance infrasound calls.
Conservation: Vulnerable to endangered depending on region; threatened by poaching and habitat loss.
Extra: Matriarchal herds, strong social learning and grief behaviors.
- Rojitha Yasaswin
2025 - August - 25