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Artist$$\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_{\sim} = \oint_{\Gamma} \left[ e^{i \sin(\omega \tau \cdot \mathcal{L}_\chi)} \star\left( \nabla^\mu \partial_\mu \mathbf{T}\mathcal{O}^\nu \otimes \partial^\rho \mathbf{T}^*\mathcal{C}^\sigma \right) \otimes e^{-i \sin(\omega \tau \cdot \mathcal{L}_\chi)} \star\left( \partial^\rho \mathbf{T}^*\mathcal{C}^\sigma \otimes \nabla^\mu \mathbf{T}\mathcal{O}^\nu \right) \right] \wedge \star (d\tau \wedge d\Omega_{\phi})$$
A white background with mathematical functions in black font. The main equation is near the top of the image and the definition of the variables is written below. The equation states "Sigma-tilde equals integral of big-bracket "e to the power of i sin(omega tau dot L sub x)" times star (nabla superscript mu partial sub mu T O superscript nu tensor product partial superscript rho T star C superscript sigma)" plus "e to the power of negative i sin(omega tau dot L sub x)" times star (partial superscript rho T star C superscript sigma tensor product nabla superscript mu T O superscript nu)" close big-bracket caret star (d tau caret d Omega sub phi)". Below that, "where:" is written. The definitions that follow are: "Gamma: A closed contour (loop) in the (tau, phi)-submanifold", "tau: Evolution parameter (proper time or affine parameter)", "phi: Azimuthal angular coordinate", "Omega sub phi: The solid angle two-form associated with phi (d Omega sub phi = sin theta d theta caret d phi)", "d tau caret d Omega sub phi: The natural 3-form volume element along tau and the sphere (S superscript 2)", "