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In 1888, Vincent van Gogh spent nine weeks hosting Paul Gauguin at his famous Yellow House in Arles, France. Their friendship quickly became enmity, however, and on December 23rd, the infamous incident involving Van Gogh's left ear occurred.
Van Gogh cut off his own ear (accounts differ whether in whole or in part) and brought it to a woman named Rachel. This self-portrait of the Post-Impressionist master was painted in autumn the previous year. It's currently on display at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.
Paul Gauguin, in account many years later, said that Van Gogh had brandished a straight razor at him before using it to cut off his own ear. Gauguin departed the Yellow House, but the two mended their relationship enough to keep in touch until Van Gogh's death in 1890.
Gauguin painted this morose self-portrait in 1889.
Pablo Picasso, whose artistic career spanned and even defined genres, competed for the world's attention against another titan in the art world: Henri Matisse.
This piece, The Weeping Woman, was painted by Picasso in 1937.
Rather than erupting in violent confrontation, however, Matisse and Picasso used their rivalry as fuel for creativity. The two kept track of each other's work, and the fencing match between the two led them to push artistic boundaries. This 1905 portrait is of Matisse's wife.
Michelangelo, one of most renowned artists in history, was also reputed to be somewhat misanthropic. The legendary sculptor was often at odds with contemporary artists, but perhaps most famous is Michelangelo's rivalry with Leonardo da Vinci. David was sculpted from 1501 - 1504.
Da Vinci, 23 years Michelangelo's senior, was said to be extremely amiable, so it's no surprise that the two Renaissance men clashed. They were even hired to decorate the Palazzo Vecchio at the same time, culminating in two lost and unfinished paintings.
Leonardo sketched this study for the lost painting, The Battle of Anghiari, around 1504. It is currently at the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, Hungary.
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